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The attacks of September 11, 2001 in the northeast United States were an organized terrorist act carried out by 19 hijackers, and organized by numerous members of al-Qaeda. Motives for the attacks were stated before and after the attacks in several sources, Osama bin Laden's declaration of a holy war against the United States, and a fatwā signed by bin Laden and others calling for the killing of Americans in 1998, are seen by investigators as evidence of his motivation.〔Gunarathna, pp. 61–62.〕 However, in an interview with Daily Ummat, Osama bin Laden rejected Al-Qaeda's involvement in the September 11 attacks.〔(Welcome to Khilafah.com )〕〔(NewsLibrary.com - newspaper archive, clipping service - newspapers and other news sources )〕 In Osama Bin Laden's November 2002 "Letter to America", he explicitly stated that al-Qaeda's motives for their attacks include: Western support for attacking Muslims in Somalia, supporting Russian atrocities against Muslims in Chechnya, supporting the Indian oppression against Muslims in Kashmir, the Jewish aggression against Muslims in Lebanon, the presence of US troops in Saudi Arabia,〔〔Plotz, David (2001) (What Does Osama Bin Laden Want? ), Slate〕〔 * Plotz, David (2001) (What Does Osama Bin Laden Want? ), Slate * Bergen (2001), p. 3. * * * * * 〕 US support of Israel,〔 * Mearsheimer (2007), p. 67. * Kushner (2003), p. 389. * Murdico (2003), p. 64. * Kelley (2006), p. 207. * Ibrahim (2007), p. 276. * Berner (2007), p. 80.〕 and sanctions against Iraq.〔 * (【引用サイトリンク】title=Full transcript of bin Ladin's speech ) * 〕 ==Sources== Before the attacks, Al-Qaeda issued proclamations that provide insight into the motivations for the attacks: one was the ''fatwā'' of August 1996,〔(Text of the 1996 fatwa ), translation by PBS〕 and a second was a shorter fatwa in February 1998.〔(Text of the 1998 fatwa ) translation by PBS〕 Both documents appeared initially in the Arabic-language London newspaper ''Al-Quds Al-Arabi''. Three years before the September 11 attacks, Al-Qaeda released a Fatwa, stating "We -- with God's help -- call on every Muslim who believes in God and wishes to be rewarded to comply with God's order to kill the Americans and plunder their money wherever and whenever they find it. We also call on Muslim ulema, leaders, youths, and soldiers to launch the raid on Satan's U.S. troops and the devil's supporters allying with them, and to displace those who are behind them so that they may learn a lesson."〔 The Fatwa also complains against the presence of the US in Saudi Arabia and support for Israel.〔〔 After the attacks, bin Laden and al-Zawahiri have published dozens of video tapes and audio tapes, many describing the motivations for the attacks. Two particularly important publications were bin Laden's 2002 "Letter to America",〔(Full transcript of bin Laden's "Letter to America" )〕 and a 2004 video tape by bin Laden.〔"So I shall talk to you about the story behind those events and shall tell you truthfully about the moments in which the decision was taken, for you to consider." – (2004 Osama bin Laden video )〕 In addition to direct pronouncements by bin Laden and Al-Qaeda, numerous political analysts have postulated motivations for the attacks. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Motives for the September 11 attacks」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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